IEDA / DECADE Detail

Data from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution

Details for: Tongariro

Snow-capped Ngauruhoe, seen here from the NE, rises 800 m above its surroundings and is the highest peak of the Tongariro massif. This large massif is located immediately NE of Ruapehu volcano, and is comprised of more than a dozen cones and craters. Frequent explosive eruptions have been recorded from Ngauruhoe since 1839. Photo by Don Swanson, 1984 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Volcano Number:	241080
Volcano Name:	Tongariro
Country:	New Zealand
Volcano Type:	Stratovolcano(es)
Last Eruption:	2012 CE
Elevation:	1978m
Tectonic Setting:	Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Pop. within 5km:	27
Pop. within 10km:	286
Pop. within 30km:	7591
Pop. within 100km:	81567
Latitude:	-39.157
Longitude:	175.632

Eruption Data from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution

Volcano Number	Volcano Name	Eruption Number	Activity Type	Explosivity Index Max	Explosivity Index Modifier	Activity Area	Activity Unit	Start Evidence Method	Start Date	End Date
241080	Tongariro	13432	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1864	1865
241080	Tongariro	13433	Confirmed Eruption	2		NE flank (Upper Te Mari Crater)		Historical Observations	1869
241080	Tongariro	13434	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1869
241080	Tongariro	13547	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1844	1845
241080	Tongariro	13548	Confirmed Eruption	2		SSE flank (Red Crater)		Historical Observations	1855
241080	Tongariro	13549	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1857	1857
241080	Tongariro	13550	Confirmed Eruption	1	?	SSE flank (Red Crater)		Historical Observations	1859/4/21
241080	Tongariro	13551	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1862
241080	Tongariro	13552	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1863	1864
241080	Tongariro	13553	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe (NW sub-crater)		Historical Observations	1870	1870
241080	Tongariro	13554	Uncertain Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe			1875/10/1
241080	Tongariro	13555	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe (NW sub-crater)		Historical Observations	1878/9/1
241080	Tongariro	13556	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1881/7/6
241080	Tongariro	13557	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe (south sub-crater)		Historical Observations	1883/4/25
241080	Tongariro	13558	Confirmed Eruption	1		SSE flank (Red Crater)		Historical Observations	1885	1887
241080	Tongariro	13559	Confirmed Eruption	2		NE flank (upper Te Mari Crater)		Historical Observations	1886
241080	Tongariro	13560	Uncertain Eruption	1		SSE flank (Red Crater)			1890
241080	Tongariro	13561	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1892	1892
241080	Tongariro	13562	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1892	1892
241080	Tongariro	13563	Confirmed Eruption	2		NE flank (upper Te Mari Crater)		Historical Observations	1892/11/30
241080	Tongariro	13564	Confirmed Eruption	2		NE flank (upper Te Mari Crater)		Historical Observations	1896	1896/12/26
241080	Tongariro	13565	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1897
241080	Tongariro	13566	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1898
241080	Tongariro	13567	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1904/11/22
241080	Tongariro	13568	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1905
241080	Tongariro	13569	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1906
241080	Tongariro	13570	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe (south sub-crater)		Historical Observations	1907	1907
241080	Tongariro	14411	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1925	1925
241080	Tongariro	14555	Confirmed Eruption				UT1 tephra	Radiocarbon (corrected)	-9850
241080	Tongariro	14556	Confirmed Eruption	5		Saddle Cone to Half Cone		Tephrochronology	-9650
241080	Tongariro	14557	Confirmed Eruption	5		Saddle cone area to Half Cone		Radiocarbon (corrected)	-9450
241080	Tongariro	14558	Confirmed Eruption	5		Tama Lakes to Te Mari		Tephrochronology	-9350
241080	Tongariro	14559	Confirmed Eruption	5		Ngauruhoe and Red Crater		Radiocarbon (uncorrected)	-550
241080	Tongariro	14560	Confirmed Eruption			Upper Te Mari Craters		Tephrochronology	1500
241080	Tongariro	14561	Confirmed Eruption	1	?	Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1839	1839
241080	Tongariro	14562	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1841
241080	Tongariro	14563	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1907
241080	Tongariro	14564	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1909	1909
241080	Tongariro	14565	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1910
241080	Tongariro	14566	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1910	1911
241080	Tongariro	14567	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1913
241080	Tongariro	14568	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1913
241080	Tongariro	14569	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1914	1914
241080	Tongariro	14570	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1917	1917
241080	Tongariro	14571	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1924/1/9	1924/1/30
241080	Tongariro	14572	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1924/5/22
241080	Tongariro	14573	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1924	1924
241080	Tongariro	14574	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe and Red Crater		Historical Observations	1926/4/16	1926
241080	Tongariro	14575	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1926/12/21	1926/12/30
241080	Tongariro	14576	Uncertain Eruption	1	?	North flank (Ketetahi)			1927
241080	Tongariro	14577	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1928/3/3
241080	Tongariro	14578	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1928
241080	Tongariro	14579	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1931	1931
241080	Tongariro	14580	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1934
241080	Tongariro	14581	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1934	1935
241080	Tongariro	14582	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1937
241080	Tongariro	14583	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1939
241080	Tongariro	14584	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1940	1940
241080	Tongariro	14585	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1948/4/30	1948
241080	Tongariro	14586	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1948
241080	Tongariro	14587	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe (south sub-crater)		Historical Observations	1949/2/9	1949/3/3
241080	Tongariro	14588	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1950/6/16
241080	Tongariro	14589	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1951/5/16
241080	Tongariro	14592	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe (south sub-crater)		Historical Observations	1952/11/29	1953/7/16
241080	Tongariro	14593	Confirmed Eruption	0		Ngauruhoe (south sub-crater)		Historical Observations	1953/12/28
241080	Tongariro	14594	Confirmed Eruption	3		Ngauruhoe (south sub-crater)		Historical Observations	1954/5/13	1955/6/25
241080	Tongariro	14595	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe (south sub-crater)		Historical Observations	1956/1/11	1956/2/11
241080	Tongariro	14596	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1958/11/5	1958/11/18
241080	Tongariro	14597	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1959/6/1
241080	Tongariro	14598	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1962/5/24
241080	Tongariro	14599	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1968/8/18
241080	Tongariro	14600	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1969/1/21
241080	Tongariro	14601	Confirmed Eruption	2		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1972/3/19	1972/6/6
241080	Tongariro	14602	Confirmed Eruption	3		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1972/11/22	1974/8/19
241080	Tongariro	14603	Confirmed Eruption	3		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1975/2/12	1975/2/23
241080	Tongariro	14604	Confirmed Eruption	1		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1976/8/23	1976/8/28
241080	Tongariro	14605	Confirmed Eruption	1		Ngauruhoe		Historical Observations	1977/7/4	1977/7/4
241080	Tongariro	20826	Confirmed Eruption	2		Upper Te Maari Craters		Historical Observations	2012/8/6	2012/8/7
241080	Tongariro	20827	Confirmed Eruption	2		Upper Te Maari Craters		Historical Observations	2012/11/21	2012/11/21

Emissions Data from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution

Emission ID	SO2 Kilotons	Start Date	End Date
75	1	2012/08/06	2012/08/06

Data from the Earthchem Library

Title	Author	Release Date	DOI	Link
The emissions of CO2 and other volatiles from the world’s subaerial volcanoes The emissions of CO2 and other volatiles from the world’s subaerial volcanoes	Fischer, Tobias	2020-11-21	10.1594/IEDA/111445	Details
Global overview of pre-eruptive magma chamber conditions	Popa, Razvan-Gabriel	2021-07-30	10.26022/IEDA/112061	Details

Data from the Earthchem Portal

Sample ID	LINK	Method	Material	Rock Class	Rock Name	SiO₂ WT%	TiO₂ WT%	Al₂O₃ WT%	Fe₂O₃ WT%	Fe₂O₃ Total WT%	FeO WT%	FeO Total WT%	MnO WT%	MgO WT%	CaO WT%	Na₂O WT%	K₂O WT%	P₂O₅ WT%	Total WT%	Ba PPM	Cr PPM	Cs PPM	Dy PPM	Ga PPM	Nb PPM	Ni PPM	Pb PPM	Rb PPM	Sc PPM	Sr PPM	U PPM	V PPM	Y PPM	Zn PPM	Zr PPM	⁸⁷Sr / ⁸⁶Sr RATIO	¹⁴³Nd / ¹⁴⁴Nd RATIO	²⁰⁶Pb / ²⁰⁴Pb RATIO	²⁰⁷Pb / ²⁰⁴Pb RATIO	²⁰⁸Pb / ²⁰⁴Pb RATIO
32	DETAILS	NOT GIVEN	Rock	Igneous Felsic Volcanic	Rhyolite	71.56	0.3	12.97	0.85		1.27		0.08	0.5	1.61	3.34	3.92	0.09	96.49
TG019	DETAILS	NOT GIVEN	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite	56.51								4.6					61.11																	0.705686
TG019	DETAILS	ICPMS/INAA	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite																	2.2	3.65		4.7		8.1		28		1
TG019	DETAILS	MC_ICPMS	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite																										0.966					0.705686	0.512672	18.882	15.685	38.899
TG019	DETAILS	XRF	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite	56.51	0.77	16.97		8.42			0.14	4.6	7.72	2.88	1.25	0.15	99.41	231	51			21		21		40		233		203	20	85	117
27	DETAILS	NOT GIVEN	Rock	Igneous Felsic Volcanic	Rhyolite	72.41	0.3	13.91	1.53		0.86		0.08	0.19	1.73	4.51	3.23	0.08	98.83
TG020	DETAILS	NOT GIVEN	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite	55.55								3.77					59.32																	0.704766
TG020	DETAILS	ICPMS/INAA	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite																	1.7	3.98		3.7		5.2		30		0.8
TG020	DETAILS	MC_ICPMS	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite																										0.736					0.70479		18.836	15.639	38.767
TG020	DETAILS	XRF	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite	55.55	0.84	17.98		9.48			0.16	3.77	8.29	3.25	0.98	0.14	100	177	20			21		9		31		220		239	22	85	107
TG163	DETAILS	NOT GIVEN	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite	55.51								4.7					60.21																	0.704532
TG163	DETAILS	ICPMS/INAA	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite																	1.1			5		5.6		26		1
TG163	DETAILS	MC_ICPMS	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite																															0.704529	0.51277	18.828	15.629	38.741
TG163	DETAILS	XRF	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite	55.51	0.99	17.62		9.17			0.15	4.7	8.07	3.1	1.09	0.18	100	237	31			19		14		31		356		218	24	76	130
17476	DETAILS	EMP (EPMA)	Rock	Metamorphic Unknown Unknown	Metaquarzite	43.47	0	35.12				0.33	0	0	20.35	0.13	0		99.4
17476	DETAILS	EMP (EPMA)	Rock	Metamorphic Unknown Unknown	Metaquarzite	50.49	0	0				9.62	0.83	0.23	38.36	0	0		99.53
474	DETAILS	EMP (EPMA)	Sediment	Sedimentary Unknown Unknown	Greywacke	0	96.85	0.22		0.55			0	0	0	0	0		97.62
474	DETAILS	TIMS	Sediment	Sedimentary Unknown Unknown	Greywacke																															0.712
474	DETAILS	XRF	Sediment	Sedimentary Unknown Unknown	Greywacke	73.77	0.47	13.83				3.63	0.04	1.26	0.77	2.61	2.7	0.1	99.18	414	35							115		146		72			171
474	DETAILS	EMP (EPMA)	Sediment	Sedimentary Unknown Unknown	Greywacke	48.93	0	33.39				9.4	0	7.5	0	0.06	0		99.28
474	DETAILS	EMP (EPMA)	Sediment	Sedimentary Unknown Unknown	Greywacke	50	0	32.84				7.27	0	9.2	0.09	0	0		99.4
474	DETAILS	EMP (EPMA)	Sediment	Sedimentary Unknown Unknown	Greywacke	52.35	0.18	1.23				29.76	0.58	16.73	0.24	0	0		100
474	DETAILS	EMP (EPMA)	Sediment	Sedimentary Unknown Unknown	Greywacke	51.5	0.17	1.91				25.57	0.26	19.68	0	0	0		99.09
474	DETAILS	EMP (EPMA)	Sediment	Sedimentary Unknown Unknown	Greywacke	0.67	6.26	25.44	0.08		36.93		0	3.35	0	0	0		72.73
474	DETAILS	EMP (EPMA)	Sediment	Sedimentary Unknown Unknown	Greywacke	0	52.22	0.41	3.17		36.15		0.38	5.85	0	0	0		98.18

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Data from the SESAR Database

IGSN	Object Name	Object Type	Object Class	Material	Field Name	Link
NHB00748J	NMNH 117454-62 (PET)	Individual Sample		Rock>Igneous	Pumice	Details
IELEG0002	NZ 5	Powder	Individual Sample	Rock>Igneous>Volcanic>Intermediate	andesite	Details
IELEG0004	NZ 9	Thin Section	Individual Sample	Rock>Igneous>Volcanic>Intermediate	andesite	Details
IELEG0005	NZ 11	Thin Section	Individual Sample	Rock>Igneous>Volcanic>Intermediate	andesite	Details
IELEG0006	NZ 12	Thin Section	Individual Sample	Rock>Igneous>Volcanic>Intermediate	andesite	Details
IELEG0001	NZ 3	Thin Section	Individual Sample	Rock>Igneous>Volcanic>Intermediate	andesite	Details
NHB00748K	NMNH 117454-63 (PET)	Individual Sample		Rock>Igneous	Pumice	Details

Data from the MaGa Database

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