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Data from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution
Details for: Gamalama
Gamalama (Peak of Ternate) is a near-conical stratovolcano that rises abruptly NW of the city of Ternate, the principal port of the renowned spice islands of northern Maluku. Three cones, progressively younger to the north, form the summit of Gamalama. Several maars and vents define a rift zone, parallel to the Halmahera island arc, that cuts the volcano. Eruptions from Gamalama, one of the most active volcanoes in Indonesia, have been recorded since the 16th century. Photo by Jack Lockwood, 1980 (U.S. Geological Survey).
Volcano Number:
268060
Volcano Name:
Gamalama
Country:
Indonesia
Volcano Type:
Stratovolcano(es)
Last Eruption:
2018 CE
Elevation:
1714m
Tectonic Setting:
Subduction zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Pop. within 5km:
103429
Pop. within 10km:
204820
Pop. within 30km:
308691
Pop. within 100km:
536972
Latitude:
0.81
Longitude:
127.3322
Details
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Gamalama is a near-conical stratovolcano that comprises the entire island of Ternate off the western coast of Halmahera, and is one of Indonesia's most active volcanoes. The island was a major regional center in the Portuguese and Dutch spice trade for several centuries, which contributed to the extensive documentation of activity. Three cones, progressively younger to the north, form the summit. Several maars and vents define a rift zone, parallel to the Halmahera island arc, that cuts the volcano; the S-flank Ngade maar formed after about 14,500–13,000 cal. BP (Faral et al., 2022). Eruptions, recorded frequently since the 16th century, typically originated from the summit craters, although flank eruptions have occurred in 1763, 1770, 1775, and 1962-63.
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Eruption Data from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution
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Emissions Data from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution
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Data from the Earthchem Library
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Data from the Earthchem Portal
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Data from the SESAR Database
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Data from the MaGa Database
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Data from UNAVCO
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Data from USIEI
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Data from IRIS FDSNWS
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