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Data from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution
Details for: Zavaritzki Caldera
Biryuzovoe lake partially fills the youngest of three nested calderas of Zavaritzki volcano in central Simushir Island. The largest caldera is 10 km wide. The surface of the lake in the youngest 3-km-wide caldera is at about 40 m elevation and its bottom lies about 30 m below sea level. The lava below the lower side of the lake in this International Space Station view (N is to the lower left) was emplaced during a 1957 eruption. NASA International Space Station image ISS005-E-6512, 2002 (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/).
Volcano Number:
290180
Volcano Name:
Zavaritzki Caldera
Country:
Russia
Volcano Type:
Caldera
Last Eruption:
1957 CE
Elevation:
612m
Tectonic Setting:
Subduction zone / Oceanic crust (< 15 km)
Pop. within 5km:
46
Pop. within 10km:
46
Pop. within 30km:
61
Pop. within 100km:
118
Latitude:
46.9178
Longitude:
151.9518
Details
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The Zavaritzki volcano on Simushir Island in the central Kuril Islands contains three nested calderas 10, 8, and 3 km in diameter. The steep-walled youngest caldera was formed during the Holocene and includes several young cones and lava domes near the margins of Biryuzovoe Lake. The current lake surface is at ~40 m elevation with the bottom ~30 m below sea level, but lacustrine sediments overlying pumice deposits indicate that the surface of an earlier caldera lake lay at 200 m above sea level. A small 500-m-diameter scoria cone, sketched by Gorshkov (1958, CAVW) that reportedly grew between 1916 and 1931, formed a peninsula extending into the lake from the NE caldera wall. Explosive eruptions in 1957 removed the cone and filled much of the NW part of the lake, including emplacement of a 350-m-wide, 40-m-high dome. Hutchison et al. (2024) provided convincing evidence that Zavaritski Caldera was the source for a significant sulfur-rich eruption in 1831 CE, which was previously known only from ice core data and thought to have possibly originated from Babuyan Claro volcano.
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Eruption Data from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution
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Emissions Data from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution
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Data from the Earthchem Library
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Data from the Earthchem Portal
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Data from the SESAR Database
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Data from the MaGa Database
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Data from UNAVCO
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Data from USIEI
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Data from IRIS FDSNWS
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