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Data from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution
Details for: Crater Lake
The 8 x 10 km wide Crater Lake caldera formed about 7,700 years ago during one of the world's largest Holocene eruptions. This eruption resulted in the collapse of ancestral Mount Mazama. This view from the east shows Mount Scott in the right foreground, one of the pre-caldera volcanoes. A post-caldera cone, Wizard Island, rises above the far lake surface. Photo by Peter Lipman, 1981 (U.S. Geological Survey).
Volcano Number:
322160
Volcano Name:
Crater Lake
Country:
United States
Volcano Type:
Caldera
Last Eruption:
2850 BCE
Elevation:
2487m
Tectonic Setting:
Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Pop. within 5km:
52
Pop. within 10km:
52
Pop. within 30km:
366
Pop. within 100km:
272674
Latitude:
42.942
Longitude:
-122.107
Details
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The spectacular 8 x 10 km Crater Lake caldera in the southern Cascades of Oregon formed about 7,700 years ago as a result of the collapse of a complex of overlapping shield and stratovolcanoes known as Mount Mazama. The cone-building stage, during which at least five andesitic and dacitic shields and stratovolcanoes were constructed, took place between about 420 and 40 thousand years ago (ka). A series of rhyodacitic lava domes and flows and associated pyroclastic rocks were erupted between about 30 ka and the climactic eruption. The explosive eruptions triggering collapse of the 8-10 km wide caldera about 7500 years ago were among Earth's largest known Holocene eruptions, distributing tephra as far away as Canada and producing pyroclastic flows that traveled 40 km from the volcano. A 5-km-wide ring fracture zone is thought to mark the original collapse diameter. The deep blue waters of North America's second deepest lake, at 600 m, fill the caldera to within 150-600 m of its rim. Post-caldera eruptions within a few hundred years of caldera formation constructed a series of small lava domes on the caldera floor, including the partially subaerial Wizard Island cinder cone, and the completely submerged Merriam Cone. The latest eruptions produced a small rhyodacitic lava dome beneath the lake surface east of Wizard Island about 4,200 years ago.
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Eruption Data from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution
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Emissions Data from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution
Sorry. No emissions data found for this volcano.
Data from the Earthchem Library
Sorry. No data exist for this volcano in the EarthChem Library.
Data from the Earthchem Portal
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Data from the SESAR Database
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Data from the MaGa Database
Sorry. No data exist for this volcano in the MaGa database.
Data from UNAVCO
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Data from USIEI
Sorry. This volcano is not covered by any USIEI projects
Data from IRIS FDSNWS
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