IEDA / DECADE Detail

Data from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution

Details for: Galeras

Galeras, a stratovolcano with a large breached caldera located immediately west of the city of Pasto, is one of Colombia's most frequently active volcanoes. It is seen here from the south on March 17, 1989, with steam clouds pouring from vents on the large central cone near the back headwall of the caldera, whose south rim forms the ridge in the foreground. Major explosive eruptions since the mid Holocene have produced widespread tephra deposits and pyroclastic flows that swept all but the southern flanks. Photo by Norm Banks, 1989 (U.S. Geological Survey).

Volcano Number:	351080
Volcano Name:	Galeras
Country:	Colombia
Volcano Type:	Complex
Last Eruption:	2014 CE
Elevation:	4276m
Tectonic Setting:	Subduction zone / Continental crust (> 25 km)
Pop. within 5km:	705
Pop. within 10km:	120817
Pop. within 30km:	630777
Pop. within 100km:	1700248
Latitude:	1.22
Longitude:	-77.37

Eruption Data from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution

Volcano Number	Volcano Name	Eruption Number	Activity Type	Explosivity Index Max	Explosivity Index Modifier	Activity Area	Start Evidence Method	Start Date	End Date
351080	Galeras	11342	Confirmed Eruption				Tephrochronology	-7050
351080	Galeras	11343	Confirmed Eruption	3			Radiocarbon (corrected)	-3150
351080	Galeras	11344	Confirmed Eruption	2			Radiocarbon (corrected)	-2580
351080	Galeras	11345	Confirmed Eruption	2			Radiocarbon (corrected)	-1160
351080	Galeras	11346	Confirmed Eruption	2			Radiocarbon (corrected)	-490
351080	Galeras	11347	Confirmed Eruption	2			Radiocarbon (corrected)	890
351080	Galeras	11348	Confirmed Eruption	3	^		Historical Observations	1535
351080	Galeras	11349	Confirmed Eruption	3			Historical Observations	1580/12/7	1580/12/7
351080	Galeras	11350	Confirmed Eruption	3	^		Historical Observations	1616/7/4	1616/7/4
351080	Galeras	11351	Confirmed Eruption	3			Historical Observations	1641	1643
351080	Galeras	11352	Confirmed Eruption	3			Historical Observations	1670	1736
351080	Galeras	11353	Confirmed Eruption	2			Historical Observations	1754	1756
351080	Galeras	11354	Confirmed Eruption	2			Historical Observations	1796	1801
351080	Galeras	11355	Confirmed Eruption	2			Historical Observations	1823/6/17	1823/6/24
351080	Galeras	11356	Confirmed Eruption	3			Historical Observations	1828/10/24	1834
351080	Galeras	11357	Confirmed Eruption	2			Historical Observations	1834
351080	Galeras	11358	Uncertain Eruption	2				1836
351080	Galeras	11359	Confirmed Eruption	3			Historical Observations	1865/10/2	1870
351080	Galeras	11360	Confirmed Eruption	2			Historical Observations	1889/7/3
351080	Galeras	11361	Confirmed Eruption	2			Historical Observations	1891
351080	Galeras	11362	Confirmed Eruption	2			Historical Observations	1923/12/8
351080	Galeras	11363	Confirmed Eruption	3			Historical Observations	1924	1927
351080	Galeras	11364	Uncertain Eruption					1930/4/17
351080	Galeras	11365	Confirmed Eruption	2			Historical Observations	1932/10/10
351080	Galeras	11366	Uncertain Eruption					1933
351080	Galeras	11367	Confirmed Eruption	2			Historical Observations	1936/2/9	1936/8/27
351080	Galeras	11368	Uncertain Eruption	2	?			1947/7/15
351080	Galeras	11369	Confirmed Eruption	2			Historical Observations	1950/1/12	1950/9/5
351080	Galeras	11370	Uncertain Eruption	2				1973/5/16
351080	Galeras	11371	Confirmed Eruption	1	?		Historical Observations	1974/7/2	1983/7/2
351080	Galeras	11372	Confirmed Eruption	2		El Pinta vent	Historical Observations	1989/2/19	1989/5/9
351080	Galeras	11373	Confirmed Eruption	2			Historical Observations	1990/1/7	1992/7/16
351080	Galeras	11374	Confirmed Eruption	2		Summit crater, west, SW, & south rims	Historical Observations	1993/1/14	1993/6/7
351080	Galeras	11375	Confirmed Eruption	1			Historical Observations	2000/3/21	2000/5/18
351080	Galeras	11376	Confirmed Eruption	1	?	El Pinta vent	Historical Observations	2002/6/7	2002/6/7
351080	Galeras	11377	Confirmed Eruption	3		El Pinta vent	Historical Observations	2004/7/16	2005/2/7
351080	Galeras	11378	Confirmed Eruption	2			Historical Observations	2005/11/24	2006/7/12
351080	Galeras	11379	Confirmed Eruption	3	?		Historical Observations	2007/10/4	2008/1/17
351080	Galeras	11380	Confirmed Eruption	3			Historical Observations	2008/10/21	2010/1/2
351080	Galeras	11381	Confirmed Eruption	2			Historical Observations	2010/8/25	2010/8/25
351080	Galeras	20763	Uncertain Eruption			Summit crater	Historical Observations	2011/3/31	2011/4/1
351080	Galeras	20764	Confirmed Eruption	2		Summit crater	Historical Observations	2012/5/13	2014/1/30

Emissions Data from the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution

Emission ID	SO2 Kilotons	Start Date	End Date
299	3	2004/08/12	2004/08/12

Data from the Earthchem Library

Title	Author	Release Date	DOI	Link
Volcanic gas plume data from Galeras Volcano (Colombia)	Liuzzo, Marco	2018-01-01	10.1594/IEDA/100654	Details
Network for Observation of Volcanic and Atmospheric Change (NOVAC): SO2 flux from Galeras Volcano (Colombia)	Galle, Bo	2017-05-01	10.1594/IEDA/100673	Details
Volcanic gas emissions along the Colombian Arc Segment of the Northern Volcanic Zone (CAS-NVZ)	Lages, Joao	2019-10-06	10.1594/IEDA/111393	Details
The emissions of CO2 and other volatiles from the world’s subaerial volcanoes The emissions of CO2 and other volatiles from the world’s subaerial volcanoes	Fischer, Tobias	2020-11-21	10.1594/IEDA/111445	Details

Data from the Earthchem Portal

Sample ID	LINK	Method	Material	Rock Class	Rock Name	SiO₂ WT%	TiO₂ WT%	Al₂O₃ WT%	Fe₂O₃ WT%	FeO WT%	FeO Total WT%	MnO WT%	MgO WT%	CaO WT%	Na₂O WT%	K₂O WT%	P₂O₅ WT%	Total WT%	Ba PPM	Co PPM	Cr PPM	Cs PPM	Dy PPM	Nb PPM	Ni PPM	Rb PPM	Sb PPM	Sc PPM	Sr PPM	U PPM	V PPM	Y PPM	Zn PPM	Zr PPM	⁸⁷Sr / ⁸⁶Sr RATIO	¹⁴³Nd / ¹⁴⁴Nd RATIO	²⁰⁶Pb / ²⁰⁴Pb RATIO	²⁰⁷Pb / ²⁰⁴Pb RATIO	²⁰⁸Pb / ²⁰⁴Pb RATIO	¹⁸⁷Os / ¹⁸⁸Os RATIO
Y-52	DETAILS	INAA	Rock	Igneous Unknown Volcanic	Not-given														746	57.4	73.66	0.48		13	24	36.4	0.317	20.41	655	1.93	157	19	95	99
Y-52	DETAILS	XRF	Rock	Igneous Unknown Volcanic	Not-given	59.82	0.83	17.29			6.51	0.11	3.05	7.04	3.66	1.49	0.19	99.99
G 10	DETAILS	NOT GIVEN	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite	60.3	0.78	18.5	0.7	4.69		0.1	2.78	6.17	4.05	1.67	0.19	99.93	835		18			5	16	44			531		124	18		132
GA95	DETAILS	EMP (EPMA)	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite	53.6	0.31	2.46			17.05	0.5	25.81	1.26				100
GA95	DETAILS	EMP (EPMA)	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite	55.42	0.2	1.28			16.66	0.41	26.1	1.31				100
GA95	DETAILS	EMP (EPMA)	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite	54.77	0.24	1.47			17.15	0.4	25.87	1.48				100
GA95	DETAILS	EMP (EPMA)	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite	54.02	0.34	1.72			17.31	0.35	25.32	1.48				100
GA95	DETAILS	EMP (EPMA)	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite	54.6	0.26	1.29			18.14	0.39	26.31	1.46				100
Y-32	DETAILS	INAA	Rock	Igneous Unknown Volcanic	Not-given																			13	29						151	21
Y-32	DETAILS	XRF	Rock	Igneous Unknown Volcanic	Not-given	59.56	0.78	18.41			6.37	0.11	2.82	6.83	3.72	1.21	0.19	100
CO1	DETAILS	NOT GIVEN	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite																																20	15.72	38.68
CO1	DETAILS	XRF	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite																					30			514						0.70423
CO1	DETAILS	MS_ID	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite																															0.512841
KH950727	DETAILS	TIMS_N	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite																																			0.279
GA23	DETAILS	NOT GIVEN	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite	55.5	0.84	17.94	4.1	3.39		0.13	4.28	7.64	3.74	1.24	0.2	99	552		31		2.64		13	22			447		160	14		95
Y-42	DETAILS	INAA	Rock	Igneous Unknown Volcanic	Not-given														780	29.1	19.88	0.64		12	18	32	0.1	17.26	738	1.16	145	17	84	104
Y-42	DETAILS	XRF	Rock	Igneous Unknown Volcanic	Not-given	60.2	0.85	17.92			6.08	0.1	2.75	6.6	3.87	1.42	0.2	99.99
CO17	DETAILS	MS_ID	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite																															0.512846
CO17	DETAILS	XRF	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite																					37			547						0.70422
CO12	DETAILS	MS_ID	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite																															0.512816
CO12	DETAILS	XRF	Rock	Igneous Intermediate Volcanic	Andesite																					34			539						0.70418

Data from the SESAR Database

Sorry. No data exist for this volcano in the SESAR database.

Data from the MaGa Database

Sorry. No data exist for this volcano in the MaGa database.